1 00:00:03,838 --> 00:00:06,139 [Jay] How do you keep a glass giant tent 2 00:00:06,239 --> 00:00:10,043 from collapsing on a futuristic new art center? 3 00:00:10,343 --> 00:00:11,712 [Greg] DEFCON level went up. 4 00:00:11,846 --> 00:00:13,681 One of these cables were to break, 5 00:00:13,781 --> 00:00:16,182 that could've caused a lot of damage. 6 00:00:17,350 --> 00:00:20,354 [Jay] Can engineers realize an extraordinary vision 7 00:00:20,488 --> 00:00:23,824 for two skyscrapers that appear to spin? 8 00:00:23,924 --> 00:00:27,961 These look like two giant twisting Slinkies 9 00:00:28,061 --> 00:00:29,697 that could almost move. 10 00:00:30,130 --> 00:00:32,065 [Jay] And how do you make a science museum 11 00:00:32,198 --> 00:00:35,969 where visitors can experience the ocean depths? 12 00:00:36,070 --> 00:00:38,672 [Seth] The 500,000-gallon shark tank, 13 00:00:38,805 --> 00:00:42,008 the impact of a leak could be catastrophic. 14 00:00:43,743 --> 00:00:48,349 [Jay] This is the age of the extraordinary. 15 00:00:48,916 --> 00:00:52,486 [Woman] It's totally different from anything around it. 16 00:00:52,586 --> 00:00:55,322 It's like a visitor from another planet. 17 00:00:56,389 --> 00:00:58,291 [Jay] Where ingenious engineers have unleashed 18 00:00:58,391 --> 00:01:00,827 unchecked creativity. 19 00:01:02,029 --> 00:01:05,398 Now their secrets are revealed 20 00:01:05,499 --> 00:01:07,868 as we discover the amazing stories 21 00:01:07,968 --> 00:01:09,403 of their construction. 22 00:01:09,536 --> 00:01:10,704 [Mat] You look at this building 23 00:01:10,805 --> 00:01:12,872 and your brain just screams at you. 24 00:01:12,973 --> 00:01:15,342 This building does not make sense. 25 00:01:15,442 --> 00:01:17,210 [Jay] To try and understand, 26 00:01:20,781 --> 00:01:23,583 How Did They Build That? 27 00:01:25,919 --> 00:01:27,287 Over in Kansas City, Missouri, 28 00:01:27,420 --> 00:01:30,691 mind-blowing architecture and world-class acoustics 29 00:01:30,791 --> 00:01:31,925 were given leading roles 30 00:01:32,026 --> 00:01:33,494 in a brand-new performing arts center, 31 00:01:33,594 --> 00:01:37,364 a design so bold and unlike anything else around, 32 00:01:37,464 --> 00:01:38,932 it's won more standing ovations 33 00:01:39,032 --> 00:01:41,435 than most Hollywood stars can ever dream of. 34 00:01:42,035 --> 00:01:44,571 I've seen it several times, and all I can say is 35 00:01:44,671 --> 00:01:46,773 bravo, bravo. 36 00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:53,213 For decades, Kansas City sports fans 37 00:01:53,314 --> 00:01:56,383 have flocked to its iconic football 38 00:01:56,483 --> 00:01:59,119 and baseball stadiums. 39 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:01,822 But since 2011, 40 00:02:01,955 --> 00:02:03,590 performing arts lovers have had 41 00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:06,359 their own double-header attraction too. 42 00:02:07,661 --> 00:02:09,630 [Nehemiah] This isn't the sort of building 43 00:02:09,730 --> 00:02:11,598 people are used to seeing in Kansas City. 44 00:02:12,632 --> 00:02:15,636 [Jay] A state-of-the-art concert hall and a theater, 45 00:02:16,270 --> 00:02:18,872 housed in two space-age metallic shells, 46 00:02:18,972 --> 00:02:22,275 draped in a gravity-defying glass curtain. 47 00:02:22,976 --> 00:02:24,311 It grabs your attention. 48 00:02:24,411 --> 00:02:26,613 It's very dramatic and beautiful. 49 00:02:26,713 --> 00:02:29,349 It looks like an armadillo from one side. 50 00:02:32,986 --> 00:02:34,321 [Jay] However you view it, 51 00:02:34,455 --> 00:02:36,457 this cutting edge performing arts center 52 00:02:36,557 --> 00:02:38,758 took exceptional engineering. 53 00:02:40,027 --> 00:02:42,429 To be world-class, you had to do things 54 00:02:42,529 --> 00:02:45,165 that were new and untested. 55 00:02:45,766 --> 00:02:47,634 [Greg] This is, by far, the biggest thing 56 00:02:47,734 --> 00:02:49,470 that I had done in my career. 57 00:02:49,570 --> 00:02:51,505 [Jay] Combining radical design. 58 00:02:51,639 --> 00:02:54,975 Multiple angles, multiple shapes. 59 00:02:55,442 --> 00:02:57,010 [Jay] With technical precision. 60 00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:58,278 [Greg] How do I keep the building 61 00:02:58,378 --> 00:02:59,613 from being ripped out of the ground 62 00:02:59,713 --> 00:03:01,148 by these cables? 63 00:03:02,149 --> 00:03:06,286 [Jay] This is the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts. 64 00:03:06,386 --> 00:03:08,989 So how did they build it? 65 00:03:14,027 --> 00:03:16,263 In the second half of the 20th Century, 66 00:03:16,363 --> 00:03:19,199 no one embodied Kansas City's love 67 00:03:19,299 --> 00:03:20,834 of sports and culture 68 00:03:20,934 --> 00:03:23,570 better than pharmaceutical magnets and philanthropists 69 00:03:23,670 --> 00:03:25,939 Ewing and Muriel Kauffman. 70 00:03:28,175 --> 00:03:31,078 Ewing's passion for baseball is enshrined 71 00:03:31,178 --> 00:03:33,748 in the magnificent Kauffman Stadium 72 00:03:33,881 --> 00:03:37,017 while Muriel champions the performing arts. 73 00:03:37,518 --> 00:03:39,453 I think she was passionate about the arts 74 00:03:39,553 --> 00:03:42,356 because she loved music and she loved dancing 75 00:03:42,456 --> 00:03:44,624 and she loved people. 76 00:03:45,693 --> 00:03:47,227 [Jay] In 1995, 77 00:03:47,861 --> 00:03:49,396 Muriel comes up with the idea 78 00:03:49,529 --> 00:03:52,099 for a world-class concert and performance venue 79 00:03:52,199 --> 00:03:54,668 that will house the city's ballet, 80 00:03:54,768 --> 00:03:57,437 orchestra, and opera company. 81 00:03:58,639 --> 00:04:00,473 [Julia] She said, "Build a performing arts center" 82 00:04:00,574 --> 00:04:01,741 and left the room. 83 00:04:01,841 --> 00:04:03,043 And that was it. 84 00:04:03,143 --> 00:04:04,811 So that's all we had to go on. 85 00:04:05,445 --> 00:04:07,714 And she died six weeks later. 86 00:04:08,749 --> 00:04:10,784 We really didn't know what we were gonna build 87 00:04:10,884 --> 00:04:12,953 and didn't have much of a clue. 88 00:04:14,021 --> 00:04:15,322 [Jay] Julia Kauffman, though, 89 00:04:15,422 --> 00:04:18,091 is determined to honor her mother's legacy. 90 00:04:18,191 --> 00:04:20,728 She understood what the arts meant to a community 91 00:04:20,828 --> 00:04:22,295 and a region, basically, 92 00:04:22,396 --> 00:04:24,631 and what a world-class performance space 93 00:04:24,731 --> 00:04:26,734 would mean for [indistinct] organizations 94 00:04:26,834 --> 00:04:29,270 and, really, all organizations. 95 00:04:29,370 --> 00:04:32,706 [Jay] In 1999, an 18-and-a-half acre site 96 00:04:32,806 --> 00:04:34,341 is acquired downtown. 97 00:04:35,209 --> 00:04:36,444 To transform it 98 00:04:36,544 --> 00:04:38,078 into a world-class performing arts center, 99 00:04:38,178 --> 00:04:41,181 they turned to Architect Moshe Safdie. 100 00:04:42,182 --> 00:04:45,285 To me, music is so essential to my life, 101 00:04:45,385 --> 00:04:49,456 as an architect, as a human being, 102 00:04:49,556 --> 00:04:51,258 it fills my life. 103 00:04:51,892 --> 00:04:55,629 [Jay] He sketches out his vision on a napkin over dinner. 104 00:04:55,729 --> 00:04:58,231 [Moshe] It's just a series of radiating arches. 105 00:04:58,331 --> 00:05:02,102 So you can think of a fan 106 00:05:02,870 --> 00:05:05,572 or you can think of an accordion form. 107 00:05:05,672 --> 00:05:07,908 And it has a rhythm to it. 108 00:05:09,342 --> 00:05:10,944 [Jay] To make it a reality, 109 00:05:11,011 --> 00:05:14,014 the team will have to build two separate performance spaces, 110 00:05:14,148 --> 00:05:16,650 a theater and a concert hall, 111 00:05:16,750 --> 00:05:19,253 united behind a massive glass lobby 112 00:05:19,353 --> 00:05:22,088 suspended on high-tension cables. 113 00:05:25,359 --> 00:05:26,994 First, they'll need to figure out 114 00:05:27,094 --> 00:05:29,063 how to build foundations stable enough 115 00:05:29,163 --> 00:05:32,232 to support the building and hold the cables in place. 116 00:05:35,035 --> 00:05:38,372 They'll need to grapple with the mind-bending geometry 117 00:05:38,472 --> 00:05:42,075 of the two auditoriums each with unique requirements. 118 00:05:43,277 --> 00:05:45,112 Then they'll have to figure out 119 00:05:45,212 --> 00:05:47,047 how to soundproof them from the noise 120 00:05:47,181 --> 00:05:49,583 of the nearby interstate highways. 121 00:05:51,852 --> 00:05:53,988 Finally, the tensioning cables 122 00:05:54,054 --> 00:05:55,890 will create forces so great, 123 00:05:55,990 --> 00:05:58,058 the entire building will move 124 00:05:58,158 --> 00:06:00,827 which, somehow, they will have to deal with. 125 00:06:02,162 --> 00:06:05,299 Then they'll have to cover its tent-like lobby 126 00:06:05,399 --> 00:06:08,301 with more than 600 panes of glass. 127 00:06:09,803 --> 00:06:13,273 How could we effectively even get the engineering to work, 128 00:06:13,373 --> 00:06:15,508 let alone the schedule and the budget? 129 00:06:17,178 --> 00:06:19,180 [Jay] In January, 2007, 130 00:06:19,280 --> 00:06:20,981 work starts on the foundations 131 00:06:21,081 --> 00:06:24,784 which are going to be anything but straightforward. 132 00:06:25,285 --> 00:06:27,588 The underlying rock strata in Kansas City 133 00:06:27,688 --> 00:06:29,756 is mostly limestone and shale. 134 00:06:29,856 --> 00:06:32,092 [Nehemiah] Shale isn't very strong under pressure 135 00:06:32,225 --> 00:06:35,863 and limestone can dissolve from acidic rain, 136 00:06:35,963 --> 00:06:37,464 leading to sinkholes. 137 00:06:38,298 --> 00:06:39,866 [Greg] They stack layer upon layer. 138 00:06:39,933 --> 00:06:41,835 The idea is to find the right layer. 139 00:06:44,037 --> 00:06:46,941 [Jay] As well as overcoming the unstable ground, 140 00:06:47,074 --> 00:06:49,676 the foundations must do two jobs: 141 00:06:50,443 --> 00:06:51,778 carry the weight of the building 142 00:06:51,912 --> 00:06:54,815 and anchor 27 high-tension cables 143 00:06:54,915 --> 00:06:57,784 to support the huge glass entrance. 144 00:06:59,787 --> 00:07:02,789 [Greg] The solution was a very large foundation wall. 145 00:07:02,856 --> 00:07:05,793 Even though this wall was up to four-feet thick in places, 146 00:07:05,893 --> 00:07:09,629 we still had to grab ahold of the underlying rock. 147 00:07:10,630 --> 00:07:13,099 [Jay] To secure the foundations into the bedrock, 148 00:07:13,199 --> 00:07:17,270 they'll need to use high-tensile steel rock anchor. 149 00:07:17,370 --> 00:07:19,907 [Nehemiah] These anchors are like giant screws 150 00:07:20,007 --> 00:07:22,375 that drill through walls into the earth 151 00:07:22,509 --> 00:07:24,044 to hold them in place. 152 00:07:25,178 --> 00:07:28,049 [Jay] It takes six months to sink a foundation wall 153 00:07:28,182 --> 00:07:30,985 that's 4 feet thick and goes down 50 feet, 154 00:07:31,085 --> 00:07:33,253 where it's screwed into the bedrock. 155 00:07:36,857 --> 00:07:38,458 Next, they'll have to build 156 00:07:38,558 --> 00:07:41,228 not one but two concert halls. 157 00:07:42,362 --> 00:07:45,299 Each comes with a uniquely complicated shape. 158 00:07:46,033 --> 00:07:48,502 Both need to be soundproofed from each other 159 00:07:48,602 --> 00:07:50,171 and the outside. 160 00:07:50,304 --> 00:07:53,107 [Dan] The biggest strategy in terms of acoustics 161 00:07:53,507 --> 00:07:56,476 was to develop the solution as a box in a box. 162 00:07:58,178 --> 00:08:00,948 [Jay] To make their idea work, they need to be sure 163 00:08:01,048 --> 00:08:04,018 the inner box never touches the outer one. 164 00:08:04,452 --> 00:08:07,187 The seating and the whole construction 165 00:08:07,287 --> 00:08:08,455 of the theater 166 00:08:08,589 --> 00:08:11,558 is structurally completely independent 167 00:08:11,658 --> 00:08:14,595 of the large roof that goes over the top. 168 00:08:15,229 --> 00:08:17,297 And that means that vibrations and noise 169 00:08:17,397 --> 00:08:20,401 can't be transmitted from the outside structure 170 00:08:20,501 --> 00:08:22,069 to the inside structure. 171 00:08:22,603 --> 00:08:24,705 [Jay] But building a soundproofed box 172 00:08:24,805 --> 00:08:27,374 within a box is a lot easier 173 00:08:27,440 --> 00:08:29,876 when the boxes are box-shaped. 174 00:08:30,543 --> 00:08:32,079 [Greg] The curves and the geometry 175 00:08:32,179 --> 00:08:35,215 of this structure created a lot more work. 176 00:08:35,682 --> 00:08:37,084 One of the challenges we faced 177 00:08:37,184 --> 00:08:38,452 when we were building this structure 178 00:08:38,552 --> 00:08:40,153 over the top of another structure 179 00:08:40,253 --> 00:08:42,456 was just maintaining clearances. 180 00:08:42,589 --> 00:08:44,791 There were some areas that were very complicated 181 00:08:44,891 --> 00:08:46,626 and they got very close to each other. 182 00:08:47,894 --> 00:08:49,729 [Jay] As the outer shell is carefully installed 183 00:08:49,830 --> 00:08:51,932 around each of the concert halls, 184 00:08:52,699 --> 00:08:55,836 the soundproofing gap is just a little more 185 00:08:55,902 --> 00:08:57,771 than the length of a smartphone. 186 00:08:59,206 --> 00:09:01,408 [Greg] We utilized a seven-inch gap. 187 00:09:01,508 --> 00:09:03,977 This entire isolated area 188 00:09:04,077 --> 00:09:08,315 occurs completely over the top of the structure as well. 189 00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:12,853 [Jay] With both performance spaces in place, 190 00:09:12,953 --> 00:09:16,022 the biggest engineering challenge remains. 191 00:09:16,589 --> 00:09:18,758 Safdie's vision is to unite them 192 00:09:18,859 --> 00:09:22,062 with a large, curving glass lobby. 193 00:09:22,863 --> 00:09:24,498 Creating a life-filled space 194 00:09:24,598 --> 00:09:27,301 with incredible views that evoke the excitement 195 00:09:27,401 --> 00:09:29,470 of being in a circus big top. 196 00:09:29,570 --> 00:09:32,173 [Moshe] We started thinking of a glass stand. 197 00:09:32,306 --> 00:09:35,008 Except, instead of canvas, you had glass there. 198 00:09:35,609 --> 00:09:36,877 [Jay] Simple in theory, 199 00:09:36,977 --> 00:09:40,181 but making this massive glass and steel tent 200 00:09:40,281 --> 00:09:42,816 will be anything but easy. 201 00:09:43,583 --> 00:09:44,784 It will be held in place 202 00:09:44,885 --> 00:09:47,754 by 27 high-tension rods and cables. 203 00:09:48,689 --> 00:09:52,126 We wanted to use cables because of their inherent strength. 204 00:09:52,226 --> 00:09:54,961 That would mean that member sizes could be smaller 205 00:09:55,062 --> 00:09:57,397 and the lobby could be more transparent 206 00:09:57,497 --> 00:09:59,633 and the solution could be more elegant. 207 00:10:00,267 --> 00:10:02,235 [Jay] The rods and cables will be anchored 208 00:10:02,335 --> 00:10:03,737 into the foundation wall 209 00:10:03,837 --> 00:10:05,505 and tied to a supporting arm 210 00:10:05,639 --> 00:10:08,208 that acts like a tentpole. 211 00:10:09,376 --> 00:10:11,145 From here, they are hung 212 00:10:11,245 --> 00:10:13,680 to the outer edges of the roof. 213 00:10:14,915 --> 00:10:17,351 [Greg] cables aren't very common in the United States, 214 00:10:17,484 --> 00:10:19,320 especially in a glass roof. 215 00:10:19,420 --> 00:10:21,454 So that was a little daunting at first. 216 00:10:22,456 --> 00:10:24,891 [Jay] Step one is installing the cables. 217 00:10:24,991 --> 00:10:27,294 So far, so straightforward. 218 00:10:27,394 --> 00:10:28,595 [Dan] If you ever put up 219 00:10:28,695 --> 00:10:29,996 a canopy or a tent in your backyard, 220 00:10:30,130 --> 00:10:31,565 you just wanna get the posts right 221 00:10:31,665 --> 00:10:33,667 and the tie-downs about right, 222 00:10:33,767 --> 00:10:35,669 but everything is loose and floppy. 223 00:10:35,802 --> 00:10:37,804 That's the first phase of construction. 224 00:10:37,938 --> 00:10:39,973 Then we need to tighten things up. 225 00:10:40,106 --> 00:10:43,177 And so the big pull was meant to be that tightening. 226 00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:44,645 [Jay] Before they can do the job 227 00:10:44,778 --> 00:10:49,383 of holding 487 tons of glass securely in place, 228 00:10:49,483 --> 00:10:52,486 the cables must be individually tensioned 229 00:10:52,619 --> 00:10:54,655 with hydraulic jacks. 230 00:10:54,755 --> 00:10:57,458 There's a tremendous amount of force in those cables. 231 00:10:57,958 --> 00:10:59,627 [Kyle] The loads on the cables 232 00:10:59,727 --> 00:11:01,428 that pulled against the steel 233 00:11:01,528 --> 00:11:06,300 started with 500,000 pounds of force on the center cable 234 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:09,570 and then changed as it went away from the center. 235 00:11:10,337 --> 00:11:12,006 [Jay] As they start the tensioning process, 236 00:11:12,106 --> 00:11:14,408 the stakes are high. 237 00:11:14,508 --> 00:11:15,842 [Greg] DEFCON level went up. 238 00:11:15,943 --> 00:11:17,411 One of these cables were to break, 239 00:11:17,511 --> 00:11:19,880 that could've caused a lot of damage. 240 00:11:20,881 --> 00:11:23,650 [Jay] One-by-one, the cables are tensioned. 241 00:11:24,852 --> 00:11:27,254 There was more and more pressure being applied 242 00:11:27,354 --> 00:11:30,057 as we worked our way across the front of the building. 243 00:11:30,791 --> 00:11:34,495 [Jay] But it's not long before disaster strikes. 244 00:11:34,561 --> 00:11:37,397 [Kyle] Those forces build up to a point 245 00:11:37,497 --> 00:11:40,734 where we had a failure on one of the connections. 246 00:11:40,834 --> 00:11:43,637 The column that supported the cable 247 00:11:43,738 --> 00:11:47,574 came up out of its socket at the bottom. 248 00:11:47,707 --> 00:11:50,744 I was in the building, and the building shook. 249 00:11:57,150 --> 00:11:58,285 [Jay] In Kansas City, 250 00:11:58,385 --> 00:12:00,220 the team building a performing arts venue 251 00:12:00,321 --> 00:12:02,723 with a huge glass tent for a lobby 252 00:12:02,856 --> 00:12:05,625 has hit a big problem. 253 00:12:07,628 --> 00:12:09,896 While tensioning the steel support cables, 254 00:12:10,030 --> 00:12:12,633 an important connection has failed. 255 00:12:13,401 --> 00:12:16,303 [Kyle] This was a failure on a detail 256 00:12:16,403 --> 00:12:18,605 that stopped the project. 257 00:12:19,206 --> 00:12:20,541 [Jay] Before they can continue, 258 00:12:20,641 --> 00:12:22,977 the team needs to bolster the connections 259 00:12:23,077 --> 00:12:25,345 on all the building's columns. 260 00:12:25,445 --> 00:12:29,316 We came back, we more heavily reinforced the welds. 261 00:12:29,416 --> 00:12:33,554 We worked for about 2 months, 24 hours a day, 262 00:12:33,688 --> 00:12:35,890 with iron workers. 263 00:12:35,990 --> 00:12:38,192 Every piece of metal on that joint 264 00:12:38,292 --> 00:12:41,194 was welded together with the other piece of metal. 265 00:12:42,028 --> 00:12:43,864 [Jay] With the extra welding complete, 266 00:12:43,964 --> 00:12:46,066 they can recommence tensioning. 267 00:12:46,500 --> 00:12:49,036 But now there's another reason to worry. 268 00:12:49,136 --> 00:12:50,838 As the cables are pulled taught, 269 00:12:50,971 --> 00:12:54,541 the whole concert hall structure is going to move. 270 00:12:55,275 --> 00:12:58,044 We had to basically build the building 271 00:12:58,178 --> 00:12:59,980 leaning backwards to the north 272 00:13:00,081 --> 00:13:02,483 so that, when we pulled to the south, 273 00:13:02,583 --> 00:13:05,118 the whole building leaned forward into position. 274 00:13:07,220 --> 00:13:10,824 The prediction was it would move two to six inches. 275 00:13:12,058 --> 00:13:14,295 [Jay] Until the structure hits its final position, 276 00:13:14,428 --> 00:13:17,397 important elements of the build are on hold. 277 00:13:18,231 --> 00:13:21,769 For example, you can't put the elevators in 278 00:13:21,902 --> 00:13:23,970 if the building's gonna move. 279 00:13:24,872 --> 00:13:26,440 [Jay] The big pull 280 00:13:26,573 --> 00:13:29,075 is a tense moment for the team. 281 00:13:29,977 --> 00:13:31,578 It's always nervous to see your building 282 00:13:31,678 --> 00:13:33,613 being put under that much load. 283 00:13:34,548 --> 00:13:36,016 [Kyle] When we began to pull, 284 00:13:36,117 --> 00:13:40,120 we started to see the building do exactly what was predicted. 285 00:13:40,554 --> 00:13:43,090 [Jay] After a month of careful calibration, 286 00:13:43,190 --> 00:13:46,726 all 27 cables are brought up to tension. 287 00:13:47,728 --> 00:13:50,030 [Kyle] When the tensioning was completed, 288 00:13:50,130 --> 00:13:52,265 we were all relieved. 289 00:13:55,736 --> 00:13:57,338 [Jay] The final challenge is to fit 290 00:13:57,438 --> 00:14:01,441 the 686 glass panels across each row of cables, 291 00:14:01,542 --> 00:14:07,581 creating a 48,000-square-foot glass ceiling and facade. 292 00:14:08,148 --> 00:14:11,885 [Kyle] We searched worldwide to have experts 293 00:14:11,985 --> 00:14:14,588 in cable-supported glass. 294 00:14:14,688 --> 00:14:17,858 They understood the delicacies 295 00:14:17,958 --> 00:14:20,361 of pulling millions of pounds 296 00:14:20,494 --> 00:14:23,363 across cables to support the glass. 297 00:14:24,698 --> 00:14:26,566 [Jay] First, they design a system 298 00:14:26,666 --> 00:14:28,335 that will minimize the complexity 299 00:14:28,435 --> 00:14:31,939 of this 686-piece jigsaw puzzle. 300 00:14:32,807 --> 00:14:34,341 [Greg] We worked a lot with the geometry 301 00:14:34,474 --> 00:14:37,111 to make sure that we didn't have unique pieces 302 00:14:37,211 --> 00:14:40,180 so that most of the pieces were not custom. 303 00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:41,682 They were all the same size. 304 00:14:42,016 --> 00:14:44,084 [Jay] Then, using suction clamps, 305 00:14:44,185 --> 00:14:46,787 they maneuver the panes into place. 306 00:14:46,887 --> 00:14:49,122 The slightest mistake in positioning 307 00:14:49,223 --> 00:14:51,124 will throw off the whole sequence. 308 00:14:51,224 --> 00:14:52,492 The glass is installed, 309 00:14:52,626 --> 00:14:54,628 and then the flashing and the waterproofing 310 00:14:54,728 --> 00:14:56,029 are put in. 311 00:14:56,129 --> 00:14:58,865 [Jay] Slowly, the tent canopy takes shape. 312 00:14:59,466 --> 00:15:01,668 Stretching across the roof of the lobby 313 00:15:01,768 --> 00:15:04,738 before swooping down across the front of the building. 314 00:15:04,839 --> 00:15:07,641 [Kyle] The facade was more difficult 315 00:15:07,741 --> 00:15:08,909 because of gravity. 316 00:15:09,043 --> 00:15:12,245 And there had to be work to pull the glass 317 00:15:12,346 --> 00:15:13,480 into the structure, 318 00:15:13,580 --> 00:15:15,882 at the same time, connecting it to the structure. 319 00:15:16,383 --> 00:15:19,553 [Jay] It takes five months of painstaking positioning 320 00:15:19,653 --> 00:15:21,888 before the center's extraordinary facade 321 00:15:21,988 --> 00:15:23,390 is complete. 322 00:15:23,490 --> 00:15:26,259 We made it and it was a great party. 323 00:15:31,165 --> 00:15:32,699 [Jay] In September, 2011, 324 00:15:32,799 --> 00:15:36,236 almost five years after construction began, 325 00:15:36,336 --> 00:15:38,405 the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts 326 00:15:38,538 --> 00:15:40,941 is officially open to the public. 327 00:15:42,343 --> 00:15:46,413 It's an event attended by 55,000 guests. 328 00:15:47,848 --> 00:15:49,917 [Moshe] The lines to get into the building, 329 00:15:50,017 --> 00:15:51,518 which is going all the way around, 330 00:15:51,618 --> 00:15:52,820 it was like a pilgrimage. 331 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:55,322 It was super exciting. 332 00:15:55,923 --> 00:15:58,558 [Jay] Since then, the center has garnered awards 333 00:15:58,659 --> 00:16:03,530 for its architectural innovation and acoustic performance. 334 00:16:04,531 --> 00:16:06,466 [Devon] It speaks of dance. 335 00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:07,835 It speaks of art. 336 00:16:07,935 --> 00:16:09,937 It speaks of performance. 337 00:16:10,070 --> 00:16:12,672 And it speaks of quality. 338 00:16:14,275 --> 00:16:16,977 Performing in this beauty elevates you. 339 00:16:17,544 --> 00:16:20,113 It's a very comfortable hall for audiences. 340 00:16:20,213 --> 00:16:23,483 And it really has elevated the art scene in Kansas City 341 00:16:23,617 --> 00:16:25,619 in ways that are almost indescribable. 342 00:16:26,153 --> 00:16:28,222 [Jay] Giving the people of Kansas City access 343 00:16:28,322 --> 00:16:31,124 to a rich array of cultural experiences. 344 00:16:31,224 --> 00:16:34,795 The Kauffman Center has brought a different level 345 00:16:34,895 --> 00:16:37,598 of performing arts to Kansas City. 346 00:16:37,698 --> 00:16:39,900 We've had acts here that we wouldn't have had, 347 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,169 so it's actually a wonderful gift to our community. 348 00:16:45,906 --> 00:16:49,009 [Jay] Sixteen years after her dying wish, 349 00:16:49,109 --> 00:16:52,713 Muriel Kauffman's vision has been realized. 350 00:16:52,780 --> 00:16:55,382 I think she'd be absolutely thrilled. 351 00:16:55,482 --> 00:16:56,817 I really do. 352 00:16:56,950 --> 00:16:59,886 I really feel we've gone beyond her mission. 353 00:17:04,491 --> 00:17:11,598 [music] 354 00:17:12,432 --> 00:17:14,534 Ontario, Canada, was never a place 355 00:17:14,634 --> 00:17:16,871 lacking incredible landmarks, 356 00:17:16,971 --> 00:17:18,739 but that didn't stop the city of Mississauga 357 00:17:18,839 --> 00:17:21,475 from getting itself a stunning new skyline. 358 00:17:21,575 --> 00:17:24,812 With its fluid lines and enviable curves, 359 00:17:24,912 --> 00:17:27,948 this new skyscraper project has been fondly dubbed 360 00:17:28,015 --> 00:17:29,550 the Marilyn Monroe Towers. 361 00:17:29,650 --> 00:17:33,120 The thing is there was only one Marilyn Monroe. 362 00:17:33,186 --> 00:17:36,690 There are two of these absolute beauties. 363 00:17:40,327 --> 00:17:43,464 Introducing Absolute Towers. 364 00:17:43,564 --> 00:17:47,401 These look like two giant twisting Slinkies 365 00:17:47,534 --> 00:17:49,269 that could almost move. 366 00:17:50,103 --> 00:17:52,606 [Jay] Creating them was a huge gamble. 367 00:17:53,507 --> 00:17:55,075 [Sam] There's a great deal of risk. 368 00:17:55,175 --> 00:17:57,344 This has never been done before. 369 00:17:57,811 --> 00:17:59,046 [Jay] Their twisting shape 370 00:17:59,146 --> 00:18:01,548 caused huge headaches for the engineers. 371 00:18:01,648 --> 00:18:04,051 There was a lot of worrying and anxiety 372 00:18:04,151 --> 00:18:05,385 throughout the project. 373 00:18:05,486 --> 00:18:07,420 There were sleepless nights, of course. 374 00:18:09,456 --> 00:18:10,624 [Jay] Built as part 375 00:18:10,758 --> 00:18:12,659 of a half-billion-dollar development, 376 00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:14,195 it took five years 377 00:18:14,295 --> 00:18:16,297 to construct two of the most beautifully curved 378 00:18:16,430 --> 00:18:18,164 apartment towers in the world 379 00:18:18,264 --> 00:18:22,936 and completely redefined the skyline of Mississauga. 380 00:18:24,704 --> 00:18:27,407 So how did they build them? 381 00:18:34,648 --> 00:18:36,116 It's the early 2000s, 382 00:18:36,250 --> 00:18:38,718 and 15 miles from Toronto, Canada, 383 00:18:38,818 --> 00:18:42,455 the city of Mississauga is rapidly expanding. 384 00:18:43,524 --> 00:18:47,727 Its population grows by almost 10% in five years. 385 00:18:48,562 --> 00:18:50,798 But growth has been haphazard. 386 00:18:50,931 --> 00:18:53,733 And there isn't a city center to be proud of. 387 00:18:53,834 --> 00:18:57,671 In 2005, that's all about to change. 388 00:18:57,771 --> 00:18:59,106 [Mark] Mississauga had a vision 389 00:18:59,206 --> 00:19:01,342 which, at the time, was quite revolutionary 390 00:19:01,442 --> 00:19:06,480 to create a downtown around their city hall. 391 00:19:06,980 --> 00:19:08,515 There were these huge plot of lands 392 00:19:08,648 --> 00:19:10,518 that were undeveloped. 393 00:19:10,651 --> 00:19:13,253 [Jay] A local developer shares the vision. 394 00:19:13,953 --> 00:19:16,356 [Sam] It's an important intersection in the city. 395 00:19:16,456 --> 00:19:18,325 And it's a prominent location. 396 00:19:18,459 --> 00:19:21,028 And I always thought this was a great location 397 00:19:21,161 --> 00:19:23,163 for a residential development. 398 00:19:24,665 --> 00:19:26,500 [Jay] Together, they launch a competition 399 00:19:26,633 --> 00:19:29,970 to find a design which will transform Mississauga. 400 00:19:31,238 --> 00:19:34,007 The hope was always that we would see ideas 401 00:19:34,140 --> 00:19:35,843 that we've never seen before, 402 00:19:35,976 --> 00:19:37,911 new and creative approaches, 403 00:19:38,011 --> 00:19:41,281 and, effectively, that's exactly how it turned out. 404 00:19:42,016 --> 00:19:43,350 [Jay] The competition attracts 405 00:19:43,483 --> 00:19:46,153 more than 90 entrants from across the world. 406 00:19:46,854 --> 00:19:48,689 [Dang] We want something different 407 00:19:48,789 --> 00:19:51,925 where everybody passing through sees something 408 00:19:52,025 --> 00:19:54,995 which stand out as a landmark building. 409 00:19:56,029 --> 00:19:57,531 [Jay] There's one design 410 00:19:57,631 --> 00:20:00,534 that stops people in their tracks. 411 00:20:01,935 --> 00:20:03,804 From the very beginning, MAD's design 412 00:20:03,904 --> 00:20:06,339 was something that everyone gravitated to. 413 00:20:07,274 --> 00:20:08,842 [Jay] Winners MAD Architects 414 00:20:08,942 --> 00:20:11,812 will go on to become a global organization. 415 00:20:11,912 --> 00:20:13,146 But at the time, 416 00:20:13,246 --> 00:20:15,015 they're a brand-new architecture firm, 417 00:20:15,149 --> 00:20:17,284 working out of Beijing, China. 418 00:20:17,518 --> 00:20:19,186 They have a fantastic design, 419 00:20:19,286 --> 00:20:22,522 but they are also untested. 420 00:20:22,922 --> 00:20:24,991 We were like new graduate student 421 00:20:25,091 --> 00:20:29,163 without any experience to build a high-rise building. 422 00:20:29,596 --> 00:20:32,732 So that was a big challenge. 423 00:20:39,506 --> 00:20:41,841 [Jay] In Mississauga, Ontario, 424 00:20:41,941 --> 00:20:44,845 a contest to design a pair of apartment buildings 425 00:20:44,945 --> 00:20:46,113 has been won 426 00:20:46,213 --> 00:20:48,882 by up-and-coming firm MAD Architects, 427 00:20:48,982 --> 00:20:53,553 despite the fact that they have never built a high-rise. 428 00:20:54,989 --> 00:20:57,024 I cannot imagine the mix of emotions 429 00:20:57,124 --> 00:20:58,325 that he must've felt. 430 00:20:58,425 --> 00:20:59,759 "I've won. I've got it! 431 00:20:59,860 --> 00:21:02,729 Oh, no, now I've gotta build the thing." 432 00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:04,298 [Jay] What's more, 433 00:21:04,398 --> 00:21:06,466 the winning design is for two towers 434 00:21:06,567 --> 00:21:10,070 that would look like nothing that has been built before. 435 00:21:10,137 --> 00:21:13,907 The key challenge was to think about possible future 436 00:21:14,007 --> 00:21:15,709 of a high-rise building. 437 00:21:15,810 --> 00:21:18,478 [Jay] It's going to be very difficult to bring to life. 438 00:21:18,578 --> 00:21:22,249 I want to create something that looks not fixed. 439 00:21:22,349 --> 00:21:25,785 When you look at the tower from different angle, 440 00:21:25,919 --> 00:21:28,922 it looks like the building can move. 441 00:21:32,192 --> 00:21:33,994 [Jay] The team's challenge will be to create 442 00:21:34,127 --> 00:21:36,596 the impression that the two sculptural towers 443 00:21:36,696 --> 00:21:38,332 are spinning 444 00:21:38,432 --> 00:21:41,902 while making sure they are actually solid as a rock. 445 00:21:43,470 --> 00:21:46,673 As well as building super strong foundations, 446 00:21:46,773 --> 00:21:48,141 they've also gotta find a way 447 00:21:48,275 --> 00:21:51,878 of digging deep enough to create six stories of parking. 448 00:21:52,580 --> 00:21:53,947 Once they get out of the ground, 449 00:21:54,047 --> 00:21:57,217 the floors will rotate as they go up the towers. 450 00:21:58,118 --> 00:21:59,653 This means the team will have to find a way 451 00:21:59,753 --> 00:22:01,822 of dealing with the uneven forces 452 00:22:01,922 --> 00:22:03,524 that this will create. 453 00:22:04,225 --> 00:22:06,826 While the extended floor plates that will become balconies 454 00:22:06,927 --> 00:22:09,863 are in danger of transferring the bitter Canadian winter 455 00:22:09,997 --> 00:22:15,268 directly into each of the 884 apartments. 456 00:22:16,537 --> 00:22:18,705 If they can pull it off, they will create 457 00:22:18,839 --> 00:22:22,009 two incredible curving majestic towers 458 00:22:22,109 --> 00:22:26,246 that will completely transform the city skyline. 459 00:22:29,783 --> 00:22:32,018 In winter 2007, 460 00:22:32,118 --> 00:22:36,022 work begins excavating to create solid foundations. 461 00:22:37,157 --> 00:22:40,828 And the huge six-story underground parking garage. 462 00:22:41,295 --> 00:22:43,063 I think it was the deepest dig 463 00:22:43,196 --> 00:22:44,698 in North America at the time. 464 00:22:45,999 --> 00:22:49,703 [Jay] It's no easy job in the Mississauga ground. 465 00:22:50,904 --> 00:22:54,375 It's actually weathered shale, which is a pretty hard soil, 466 00:22:54,475 --> 00:22:56,377 so difficult to excavate. 467 00:22:56,977 --> 00:23:00,047 Digging through shale can really slow a build down. 468 00:23:00,147 --> 00:23:02,616 It requires very special equipment. 469 00:23:02,749 --> 00:23:04,885 For about a year, all we heard was rock breaking, 470 00:23:04,985 --> 00:23:07,120 just making our way down to the bottom of the hall. 471 00:23:08,522 --> 00:23:09,890 [Jay] It takes 8 months 472 00:23:09,990 --> 00:23:13,260 to dig through more than 90 feet of tough shale 473 00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:17,530 and another 11 to construct the underground parking garage. 474 00:23:18,465 --> 00:23:21,301 The next challenge is working out how to build 475 00:23:21,435 --> 00:23:23,069 the twisting towers. 476 00:23:23,169 --> 00:23:26,106 [Mark] It's an oval floor plate that's repeated, 477 00:23:26,239 --> 00:23:30,610 but it rotates as it travels up the tower. 478 00:23:32,613 --> 00:23:35,483 [Yuri] From ground floor to 10th floor, approximately, 479 00:23:35,616 --> 00:23:37,785 it almost didn't turn, almost. 480 00:23:37,885 --> 00:23:39,719 Maybe one degree. 481 00:23:39,820 --> 00:23:42,622 Then it started to turn three degrees, 482 00:23:42,722 --> 00:23:45,492 then five degrees, then seven degrees. 483 00:23:45,592 --> 00:23:50,130 Then, again, the turning speed was reduced. 484 00:23:50,264 --> 00:23:53,199 That creates a huge structural issue. 485 00:23:54,468 --> 00:23:56,770 [Jay] There will be 209 degrees 486 00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:58,906 of twists in the first tower 487 00:23:59,006 --> 00:24:01,509 and 200 degrees in the second. 488 00:24:01,942 --> 00:24:03,811 This will create uneven forces. 489 00:24:03,911 --> 00:24:06,246 And dealing with them won't be easy. 490 00:24:06,346 --> 00:24:08,883 In a standard tower, you can simply line up 491 00:24:09,016 --> 00:24:10,884 the supporting columns through the building 492 00:24:10,985 --> 00:24:12,352 to take the load. 493 00:24:12,452 --> 00:24:16,356 But the offset floor plates make this impossible. 494 00:24:18,024 --> 00:24:19,593 [Yuri] I remember I was thinking 495 00:24:19,693 --> 00:24:23,163 about structural system which supports the building 496 00:24:23,263 --> 00:24:24,531 to such extent 497 00:24:24,631 --> 00:24:29,737 that I was just crossing a red light on the intersection. 498 00:24:29,837 --> 00:24:32,639 So then I realized that it's better to think 499 00:24:32,739 --> 00:24:34,875 not in driving the car. 500 00:24:36,043 --> 00:24:38,979 [Jay] Thankfully, inspiration strikes. 501 00:24:39,079 --> 00:24:40,647 They realize a solution 502 00:24:40,747 --> 00:24:44,017 is to make the apartment walls load-bearing. 503 00:24:44,117 --> 00:24:46,186 We decided, then, that the best way 504 00:24:46,319 --> 00:24:49,823 would be to keep the walls in line. 505 00:24:49,923 --> 00:24:53,194 I would call it a rectangular structural system 506 00:24:53,327 --> 00:24:56,697 where walls are located 507 00:24:56,797 --> 00:24:58,865 along gridlines. 508 00:25:00,434 --> 00:25:02,936 [Jay] It's genius in its simplicity. 509 00:25:03,070 --> 00:25:04,872 The walls will line up from the top 510 00:25:04,972 --> 00:25:07,641 to the bottom of the entire building, 511 00:25:08,475 --> 00:25:10,210 becoming short or longer 512 00:25:10,310 --> 00:25:12,446 to allow for the oval floors' rotation. 513 00:25:13,113 --> 00:25:15,682 This allows them to channel the weight of the building 514 00:25:15,782 --> 00:25:18,085 down to the foundations. 515 00:25:18,185 --> 00:25:21,755 [Yuri] According to this rectangular system, 516 00:25:22,088 --> 00:25:27,294 all points of each individual floor 517 00:25:27,394 --> 00:25:32,032 of all 56 floors were supported properly. 518 00:25:35,035 --> 00:25:36,736 [Jay] They may have overcome one problem 519 00:25:36,870 --> 00:25:38,772 caused by the spiraling shape, 520 00:25:38,872 --> 00:25:41,341 but there are more to come. 521 00:25:41,975 --> 00:25:43,443 In a typical apartment building, 522 00:25:43,543 --> 00:25:46,213 each story is identical to build. 523 00:25:47,847 --> 00:25:50,250 [Yuri] Workers like repetition. 524 00:25:50,350 --> 00:25:52,119 When they build 50 floors, 525 00:25:52,252 --> 00:25:55,689 every day, they come to work, and they do the same thing. 526 00:25:56,223 --> 00:25:59,426 [Jay] But as each floor twists around the supporting walls, 527 00:25:59,526 --> 00:26:01,829 it means creating a fresh floor plate 528 00:26:01,929 --> 00:26:03,530 for every level. 529 00:26:03,664 --> 00:26:06,867 And this will be a massive headache. 530 00:26:13,206 --> 00:26:14,541 [Jay] In Mississauga, 531 00:26:14,674 --> 00:26:16,977 the team behind a pair of spinning skyscrapers 532 00:26:17,077 --> 00:26:18,612 needs to find a way to build 533 00:26:18,712 --> 00:26:20,548 a total of 106 stories, 534 00:26:20,681 --> 00:26:24,051 each with a slightly different floor plate, 535 00:26:24,552 --> 00:26:27,888 while also saving time, money, 536 00:26:28,022 --> 00:26:30,957 and the construction workers' sanity. 537 00:26:31,057 --> 00:26:32,459 [Mark] We impose a system 538 00:26:32,559 --> 00:26:36,129 that made a regular pattern apparent 539 00:26:36,196 --> 00:26:37,898 so that we only had to have 540 00:26:38,032 --> 00:26:41,001 five typical floor plates that changed. 541 00:26:41,769 --> 00:26:44,537 So each one could be manipulated, 542 00:26:44,638 --> 00:26:45,939 mirrored, rotated, 543 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:48,142 depending on where in the tower it was. 544 00:26:48,475 --> 00:26:50,311 [Jay] Even then, this is still 545 00:26:50,411 --> 00:26:53,514 an incredibly complicated design to pull off. 546 00:26:53,614 --> 00:26:54,981 In a standard skyscraper, 547 00:26:55,081 --> 00:26:58,185 you'd expect to complete a floor in four days. 548 00:26:58,786 --> 00:27:02,356 [Dang] It took months to build the first floors. 549 00:27:02,456 --> 00:27:04,925 After that, it took less than two weeks 550 00:27:05,058 --> 00:27:06,059 for one floor. 551 00:27:06,159 --> 00:27:08,462 Then the building goes very fast 552 00:27:08,595 --> 00:27:10,664 and quicker towards the sky. 553 00:27:11,898 --> 00:27:13,767 [Jay] The other big problem with the floor plates 554 00:27:13,900 --> 00:27:16,503 is that they include a curving balcony 555 00:27:16,603 --> 00:27:18,005 for each apartment. 556 00:27:18,072 --> 00:27:19,806 [Mark] Continuous balconies contribute a lot 557 00:27:19,906 --> 00:27:21,542 to heat loss in towers. 558 00:27:21,642 --> 00:27:24,945 And it is a big issue. That needs to be dealt with. 559 00:27:26,714 --> 00:27:29,215 [Jay] Because the balcony is part of the floor plate, 560 00:27:29,316 --> 00:27:31,585 it joins the inside of the apartment 561 00:27:31,685 --> 00:27:33,153 to the outside. 562 00:27:33,253 --> 00:27:36,290 So Ontario's 20-degree Fahrenheit winter temperatures 563 00:27:36,390 --> 00:27:39,693 could lead to serious chill inside. 564 00:27:40,394 --> 00:27:41,628 [Sergio] Essentially, what you have to do 565 00:27:41,762 --> 00:27:43,263 is you have to separate the balconies from the building. 566 00:27:43,363 --> 00:27:46,133 So what's introduced is what's called the thermal break. 567 00:27:47,301 --> 00:27:50,770 [Jay] Where the balcony floor passes inside the building, 568 00:27:50,871 --> 00:27:52,773 the team creates a series of cavities 569 00:27:52,873 --> 00:27:56,209 which are insulated to minimize heat loss. 570 00:27:57,211 --> 00:27:59,579 Then the connections in between 571 00:27:59,679 --> 00:28:01,782 are reinforced with steel bars 572 00:28:01,882 --> 00:28:04,718 to make sure the floors stay firmly attached. 573 00:28:06,387 --> 00:28:08,288 [Mark] There's always a resolution. 574 00:28:08,388 --> 00:28:09,723 There's always a way to solve a problem. 575 00:28:09,823 --> 00:28:11,324 You just have to think harder. 576 00:28:11,458 --> 00:28:15,195 [Jay] Finally, the 364 feet of balconies 577 00:28:15,295 --> 00:28:18,866 are ready to be wrapped in beautiful shimmering glass. 578 00:28:18,966 --> 00:28:20,501 [Sergio] Even during the finishing stages, 579 00:28:20,601 --> 00:28:22,002 there was the challenges, 580 00:28:22,102 --> 00:28:23,837 but we knew that, every day, 581 00:28:23,937 --> 00:28:25,473 by putting our heads together 582 00:28:25,573 --> 00:28:28,008 and effectively moving forward one step at a time, 583 00:28:28,108 --> 00:28:29,809 that we would get through it. 584 00:28:32,947 --> 00:28:34,548 [Jay] In December 2012, 585 00:28:34,648 --> 00:28:36,583 the Absolute Towers are ready 586 00:28:36,650 --> 00:28:40,987 for people to start moving into the 884 apartments. 587 00:28:42,022 --> 00:28:43,591 Two shining sculptures 588 00:28:43,657 --> 00:28:46,060 that stand tall on the skyline, 589 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:50,430 redefining the city center of Mississauga. 590 00:28:51,698 --> 00:28:53,100 [Abe] When I first saw the building, I thought, 591 00:28:53,166 --> 00:28:55,802 "Wow, it'll really stand out on the horizon 592 00:28:55,902 --> 00:28:57,504 and be this anchor for the city. 593 00:28:57,637 --> 00:28:59,906 And this is what is going to be my home." 594 00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:02,776 [Ketlin] You would think you get less impressed by it every day, 595 00:29:02,876 --> 00:29:06,079 but I get impressed by the view or the feeling 596 00:29:06,213 --> 00:29:07,848 every day more and more. 597 00:29:07,948 --> 00:29:09,049 [Gino] Everything about it said, 598 00:29:09,149 --> 00:29:10,451 "This is the right place to be." 599 00:29:10,551 --> 00:29:11,885 And I'll be honest with you. 600 00:29:12,019 --> 00:29:14,354 We feel like we're in a piece of art. 601 00:29:14,455 --> 00:29:16,524 [Jay] It took five years to complete 602 00:29:16,624 --> 00:29:18,725 these imposing twisting forms, 603 00:29:18,859 --> 00:29:22,596 made from 82,000 cubic yards of concrete 604 00:29:22,696 --> 00:29:25,232 and 10,000 tons of steel. 605 00:29:25,366 --> 00:29:27,701 It was definitely a highlight of my career. 606 00:29:28,468 --> 00:29:32,072 I learned a lot in a very short period of time. 607 00:29:32,639 --> 00:29:34,542 [Yuri] Physically, this is landmark 608 00:29:34,675 --> 00:29:36,543 for people who live there. 609 00:29:36,643 --> 00:29:40,714 But for me, it is milestone of my life. 610 00:29:41,815 --> 00:29:44,985 [Jay] Two beautiful statuesque curving towers 611 00:29:45,085 --> 00:29:50,390 that put Mississauga well and truly on the map. 612 00:29:51,391 --> 00:29:54,728 Looking at these buildings is so awe-inspiring. 613 00:29:54,828 --> 00:29:57,063 You just feel it in your soul. 614 00:29:57,731 --> 00:30:01,368 They are truly a symbol now of Mississauga. 615 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:14,381 [music] 616 00:30:15,549 --> 00:30:17,885 When the magic city of Miami wanted to build 617 00:30:17,985 --> 00:30:19,920 one of the most awesome science attractions 618 00:30:20,054 --> 00:30:21,255 anywhere in the world, 619 00:30:21,388 --> 00:30:23,224 they weren't gonna use any sleight-of-hand tricks 620 00:30:23,324 --> 00:30:25,425 to cheat their millions of annual visitors. 621 00:30:25,525 --> 00:30:28,362 So in went an amazing science museum, 622 00:30:28,462 --> 00:30:29,896 a stupendous planetarium, 623 00:30:29,997 --> 00:30:33,767 and a three-story, half-million gallon cone-shaped aquarium 624 00:30:33,900 --> 00:30:36,737 with a 31-foot diameter oculus lens. 625 00:30:36,837 --> 00:30:38,805 How did they manage to get all that 626 00:30:38,905 --> 00:30:40,574 into just one building? 627 00:30:40,675 --> 00:30:42,976 Architectural magic. 628 00:30:45,980 --> 00:30:47,414 Miami, Florida, 629 00:30:47,514 --> 00:30:50,551 famous for its sun-drenched sandy beaches, 630 00:30:50,651 --> 00:30:51,919 its crystal-clear waters, 631 00:30:52,019 --> 00:30:55,622 and it's palm trees blowing in the wind. 632 00:30:56,456 --> 00:30:57,925 For the last 70 years, 633 00:30:58,025 --> 00:31:00,427 it's also been home to a science museum 634 00:31:00,527 --> 00:31:01,962 known today 635 00:31:02,062 --> 00:31:05,299 as the Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science. 636 00:31:06,066 --> 00:31:08,035 The museum has been a staple of Miami 637 00:31:08,135 --> 00:31:09,870 since the early 1950s. 638 00:31:09,970 --> 00:31:13,106 It was actually run out of a house, originally. 639 00:31:13,573 --> 00:31:16,610 Most of the exhibits were donated items 640 00:31:16,710 --> 00:31:19,213 that were historic to Miami 641 00:31:19,313 --> 00:31:23,150 or from the natural environment of Miami. 642 00:31:23,917 --> 00:31:26,320 [Jay] In 1960, it got a new home 643 00:31:26,420 --> 00:31:29,390 with more space and more exhibits. 644 00:31:30,124 --> 00:31:33,460 But almost 50 years later, it's time for an upgrade. 645 00:31:33,961 --> 00:31:36,997 Twelve million people are visiting Miami every year. 646 00:31:37,130 --> 00:31:40,834 And the museum is determined to lure them in. 647 00:31:40,967 --> 00:31:42,502 [Trevor] All these people from all over the world 648 00:31:42,603 --> 00:31:44,472 are coming to Miami, 649 00:31:44,572 --> 00:31:47,107 but they're coming to Miami to be outdoors. 650 00:31:48,008 --> 00:31:51,011 So how do we get people that want to be outdoors 651 00:31:51,112 --> 00:31:52,979 inside of a museum? 652 00:31:53,414 --> 00:31:54,848 [Jay] In 2007, 653 00:31:54,948 --> 00:31:58,218 the firm responsible for the Eden Project in England, 654 00:31:58,318 --> 00:31:59,653 Grimshaw Architects, 655 00:31:59,787 --> 00:32:02,923 wins the pitch to design the museum. 656 00:32:03,023 --> 00:32:05,392 Grimshaw Architects really came up 657 00:32:05,492 --> 00:32:07,661 with a great approach on how that might happen. 658 00:32:08,061 --> 00:32:11,064 The intention was that visitors could freely move 659 00:32:11,198 --> 00:32:12,633 between the different exhibits, 660 00:32:12,733 --> 00:32:14,935 creating their own journeys into science 661 00:32:15,035 --> 00:32:16,670 with a real level of intimacy. 662 00:32:16,770 --> 00:32:18,239 And with hands-on experience, 663 00:32:18,339 --> 00:32:21,875 the actual museum itself could showcase and tell stories. 664 00:32:23,444 --> 00:32:28,215 [Jay] Their vision is for a new 250,000-square-foot museum 665 00:32:28,349 --> 00:32:29,683 on the waterfront. 666 00:32:29,783 --> 00:32:32,686 It will eventually house a huge aquarium 667 00:32:32,820 --> 00:32:34,521 and planetarium. 668 00:32:35,255 --> 00:32:37,792 But, first, they need to overcome the problems 669 00:32:37,858 --> 00:32:39,893 caused by a location that's vulnerable 670 00:32:39,993 --> 00:32:42,096 both to the immediate threat of hurricanes 671 00:32:42,196 --> 00:32:45,532 and the long-term rise in the sea level. 672 00:32:46,466 --> 00:32:50,170 Then they've got two major engineering challenges. 673 00:32:50,270 --> 00:32:52,205 First, they will have to work out 674 00:32:52,339 --> 00:32:54,508 how to support an enormous aquarium 675 00:32:54,608 --> 00:32:56,009 that's raised off the ground, 676 00:32:56,142 --> 00:32:59,914 construct its sloping sides from liquid concrete, 677 00:33:00,014 --> 00:33:03,451 and put a huge oculus lens at the bottom 678 00:33:03,551 --> 00:33:04,651 that will survive the pressure 679 00:33:04,751 --> 00:33:08,054 of 4.5 million pounds of water. 680 00:33:08,622 --> 00:33:11,225 Then there's the planetarium. 681 00:33:11,692 --> 00:33:13,494 Here, they will need to construct 682 00:33:13,594 --> 00:33:16,763 an 87-foot diameter self-supporting sphere 683 00:33:16,863 --> 00:33:19,432 from enormous concrete panels. 684 00:33:19,566 --> 00:33:21,801 It's a big ask. 685 00:33:21,901 --> 00:33:23,971 [Christian] There were a range of huge challenges, 686 00:33:24,071 --> 00:33:26,907 challenges that were set by the client. 687 00:33:27,274 --> 00:33:30,110 It was a very ambitious client group 688 00:33:30,777 --> 00:33:35,015 that wanted to have a really special, unique facility. 689 00:33:37,017 --> 00:33:38,919 [Jay] In February 2012, 690 00:33:39,019 --> 00:33:41,155 work begins as the team breaks ground 691 00:33:41,255 --> 00:33:42,923 to create the foundations. 692 00:33:43,390 --> 00:33:45,593 [Seth] It was excitement for sure 693 00:33:45,693 --> 00:33:48,595 doing something that was never done before. 694 00:33:49,363 --> 00:33:51,565 [Jay] And that includes making sure the museum 695 00:33:51,665 --> 00:33:53,033 can cope with the twin threats 696 00:33:53,133 --> 00:33:54,901 of rising sea levels 697 00:33:55,001 --> 00:33:57,671 and flood risk from hurricanes. 698 00:33:58,405 --> 00:34:00,073 [Vincent] We had to really consider, 699 00:34:00,207 --> 00:34:02,243 how could the building be protected 700 00:34:02,309 --> 00:34:04,812 from moments of coastal flooding? 701 00:34:04,912 --> 00:34:07,014 [Jay] Florida has the highest risk 702 00:34:07,147 --> 00:34:08,582 of any state in the US 703 00:34:08,682 --> 00:34:10,451 of being hit by a hurricane. 704 00:34:10,517 --> 00:34:13,587 In 1992, Hurricane Andrew caused 705 00:34:13,687 --> 00:34:17,757 $26.5 billion worth of destruction. 706 00:34:18,525 --> 00:34:20,660 The storm surge during Hurricane Andrew 707 00:34:20,761 --> 00:34:24,564 in 1992, I think, was around plus 18 feet. 708 00:34:25,966 --> 00:34:27,901 [Jay] The solution the team comes up with 709 00:34:28,001 --> 00:34:31,638 lifts the project to new heights, literally. 710 00:34:32,238 --> 00:34:33,841 The building is actually elevated 711 00:34:33,941 --> 00:34:37,678 well above the floodplain designated requirements. 712 00:34:38,112 --> 00:34:39,846 [Jay] To do this, the first thing 713 00:34:39,980 --> 00:34:41,548 they construct is a parking garage, 714 00:34:41,648 --> 00:34:44,651 which lifts the museum's ground floor and its exhibits 715 00:34:44,751 --> 00:34:47,521 safely 21 feet above sea level 716 00:34:47,621 --> 00:34:51,558 where they are further protected by deployable flood barriers. 717 00:34:53,594 --> 00:34:56,030 Having managed to keep seawater out, 718 00:34:56,163 --> 00:34:57,931 now they have to work out 719 00:34:58,031 --> 00:35:01,235 how to keep half-a-million gallons of it in 720 00:35:01,769 --> 00:35:03,738 because a centerpiece of the new museum 721 00:35:03,871 --> 00:35:06,040 will be the huge aquarium. 722 00:35:06,507 --> 00:35:08,942 [Vincent] It had to be scaled at a certain proportion 723 00:35:09,075 --> 00:35:10,577 such that hammerhead sharks 724 00:35:10,677 --> 00:35:12,613 could move around it as they grow 725 00:35:12,713 --> 00:35:14,882 and develop their musculature evenly. 726 00:35:14,982 --> 00:35:16,717 And so the tank had to be wide enough 727 00:35:16,817 --> 00:35:19,119 for them to have a glide path in a figure of eight 728 00:35:19,219 --> 00:35:21,922 without them just going in one direction around the tank. 729 00:35:22,356 --> 00:35:25,458 [Jay] Not only will it need to be 117 feet wide 730 00:35:25,592 --> 00:35:27,294 at its widest point, 731 00:35:27,394 --> 00:35:29,463 but this aquarium also needs to be built 732 00:35:29,597 --> 00:35:31,498 so that visitors can walk underneath 733 00:35:31,598 --> 00:35:34,868 and look up at the fish through a huge lens. 734 00:35:34,968 --> 00:35:36,237 [Vincent] It's an unusual tank. 735 00:35:36,370 --> 00:35:38,272 It's elevated above ground, 736 00:35:38,405 --> 00:35:41,107 which brings tremendous structural challenges, 737 00:35:41,208 --> 00:35:42,776 as you can imagine. 738 00:35:44,111 --> 00:35:46,980 [Corina] The water will weigh 4.5 million pounds 739 00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:50,317 that will put an incredible amount of pressure on the tank. 740 00:35:51,451 --> 00:35:52,586 If it's not spread out, 741 00:35:52,719 --> 00:35:54,121 it can be so great 742 00:35:54,221 --> 00:35:56,090 the that piers holding up the aquarium 743 00:35:56,190 --> 00:35:59,125 can pierce the bottom and cause a disaster. 744 00:36:00,227 --> 00:36:03,297 [Seth] We eventually came to the conclusion 745 00:36:03,397 --> 00:36:05,198 of the six columns. 746 00:36:05,932 --> 00:36:09,503 Those six columns are profiles. 747 00:36:09,603 --> 00:36:11,171 They start off small at the base 748 00:36:11,305 --> 00:36:13,807 and then they expand their dimension 749 00:36:13,907 --> 00:36:17,844 as they hit the bottom surface of the tank. 750 00:36:17,944 --> 00:36:19,680 So this provides a larger surface area, 751 00:36:19,814 --> 00:36:21,381 reduces the stress. 752 00:36:23,484 --> 00:36:25,786 [Jay] With the support system in place, 753 00:36:25,853 --> 00:36:27,321 by winter 2014, 754 00:36:27,421 --> 00:36:28,823 the team is ready to start building 755 00:36:28,923 --> 00:36:31,291 the aquarium that will sit on top of it. 756 00:36:32,626 --> 00:36:35,962 Preparations have to be perfect if they're gonna pull this off. 757 00:36:36,630 --> 00:36:38,531 [Vincent] The tank has to be watertight. 758 00:36:38,631 --> 00:36:41,902 And so that demanded it be one continuous concrete pour 759 00:36:42,002 --> 00:36:43,570 so there were no cold junctions 760 00:36:43,670 --> 00:36:45,572 between different moments 761 00:36:45,672 --> 00:36:47,707 where the concrete is actually beginning to set. 762 00:36:49,577 --> 00:36:50,811 [Jay] Any cold junctions, 763 00:36:50,944 --> 00:36:52,812 where one section of the concrete sets 764 00:36:52,946 --> 00:36:54,447 before the next one is poured, 765 00:36:54,548 --> 00:36:57,017 could create structural weaknesses. 766 00:36:57,151 --> 00:37:00,253 They must be avoided at all costs. 767 00:37:00,687 --> 00:37:02,489 The impact of a leak 768 00:37:02,589 --> 00:37:04,758 down the road could be catastrophic. 769 00:37:04,892 --> 00:37:08,529 [Jay] This means pouring five million pounds of concrete 770 00:37:08,629 --> 00:37:10,730 in one go. 771 00:37:11,865 --> 00:37:13,934 [Vincent] There was just tremendous excitement. 772 00:37:14,067 --> 00:37:16,136 But if I'm honest, there was also trepidation. 773 00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:20,774 [Jay] On December 12, 2014, the day arrives. 774 00:37:20,874 --> 00:37:23,544 [Vincent] This concrete pour involved the delivery 775 00:37:23,677 --> 00:37:26,680 of 120 concrete trucks. 776 00:37:28,148 --> 00:37:30,885 The concrete had to arrive in a particular schedule 777 00:37:30,985 --> 00:37:33,520 to ensure that the right viscosity of concrete 778 00:37:33,620 --> 00:37:35,556 was available to then be pumped 779 00:37:35,689 --> 00:37:38,292 over 100 foot into hoses 780 00:37:38,392 --> 00:37:40,460 and then down into the tank itself. 781 00:37:41,762 --> 00:37:45,032 [Jay] A team of 300 people is needed to manage the pour 782 00:37:45,132 --> 00:37:47,735 and to create the shape of the aquarium. 783 00:37:47,868 --> 00:37:50,871 Everything about the geometry was unusual. 784 00:37:50,971 --> 00:37:52,406 [Vincent] One of the biggest challenges 785 00:37:52,506 --> 00:37:54,041 was the actual slope of the sides 786 00:37:54,141 --> 00:37:55,876 and making sure the concrete stayed in place. 787 00:37:56,843 --> 00:37:59,713 [Jay] If it doesn't, it will all pool at the bottom. 788 00:38:00,447 --> 00:38:03,283 As well as using an extra thick mix of concrete, 789 00:38:03,784 --> 00:38:05,986 the team comes up with an ingenious way 790 00:38:06,119 --> 00:38:09,323 of working it on the aquarium's sloping side. 791 00:38:09,457 --> 00:38:13,060 The contractors had designed platforms 792 00:38:13,160 --> 00:38:15,662 that they could kneel on that were angled 793 00:38:15,796 --> 00:38:17,331 to enable work crews 794 00:38:17,431 --> 00:38:19,666 to then work the concrete into position. 795 00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:23,804 It was an extraordinary effort, and this went of for hours. 796 00:38:24,271 --> 00:38:27,407 It was over 24 hours of continuous pour. 797 00:38:28,342 --> 00:38:31,678 [Jay] At 5:25 pm, on December 13th, 798 00:38:31,778 --> 00:38:34,615 the team finishes the huge pour. 799 00:38:35,282 --> 00:38:37,818 [Christian] It was great to see the relieved faces 800 00:38:37,918 --> 00:38:41,521 and jubilant atmosphere of the people onsite. 801 00:38:42,723 --> 00:38:45,125 [Jay] But the challenge of creating the aquarium 802 00:38:45,225 --> 00:38:47,094 isn't quite over yet. 803 00:38:47,194 --> 00:38:49,296 [Trevor] Just to make matters more complicated, 804 00:38:49,396 --> 00:38:52,432 there's a large viewing window 30-feet in diameter 805 00:38:52,533 --> 00:38:55,168 really at the bottom of that exhibit. 806 00:38:59,507 --> 00:39:04,078 [Jay] In Miami, the team behind an ambitious new science museum 807 00:39:04,211 --> 00:39:07,348 is trying to construct an enormous viewing window 808 00:39:07,448 --> 00:39:09,716 that will enable visitors to look up 809 00:39:09,816 --> 00:39:12,152 into a huge aquarium. 810 00:39:14,555 --> 00:39:16,223 [Nehemiah] The lens itself, 811 00:39:16,323 --> 00:39:18,759 I just think of how incredibly strong that is 812 00:39:18,892 --> 00:39:22,663 to span that distance and to support all the weight 813 00:39:22,763 --> 00:39:25,131 from the water and the creatures that are inside. 814 00:39:26,099 --> 00:39:27,868 [Jay] They turn to a specialist factory 815 00:39:27,968 --> 00:39:31,271 over 5,000 miles away in Rome, Italy, 816 00:39:31,405 --> 00:39:34,107 to make a lens almost 32-feet wide 817 00:39:34,241 --> 00:39:35,876 and 12-and-a-half inches thick. 818 00:39:36,477 --> 00:39:38,012 [Christian] It's made out of acrylic. 819 00:39:38,078 --> 00:39:39,780 Glass couldn't do such a job 820 00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:42,182 with such a size, with such thickness. 821 00:39:44,017 --> 00:39:45,886 [Jay] It takes three weeks 822 00:39:45,986 --> 00:39:48,655 to ship the enormous window from Rome. 823 00:39:50,391 --> 00:39:51,759 Once it's onsite, 824 00:39:51,859 --> 00:39:54,695 it's a delicate operation to get it in place. 825 00:39:55,696 --> 00:39:57,965 [Christian] This acrylic lens was lifted high up 826 00:39:58,099 --> 00:40:01,001 over the roof of the aquarium building. 827 00:40:01,902 --> 00:40:03,704 [Jay] It's a tense time for the team 828 00:40:03,804 --> 00:40:05,839 as the window is lowered. 829 00:40:06,206 --> 00:40:07,741 If anything goes wrong, 830 00:40:07,841 --> 00:40:10,577 it will throw them months off-schedule. 831 00:40:11,044 --> 00:40:12,612 [Christian] The ropes could've torn 832 00:40:12,746 --> 00:40:16,350 or a stronger wind breeze could've moved the lens around, 833 00:40:16,450 --> 00:40:18,585 and it would've been knocked into the concrete 834 00:40:18,718 --> 00:40:20,820 and chipped of an edge. 835 00:40:22,155 --> 00:40:24,591 [Jay] The closer they get to the bottom of the aquarium, 836 00:40:24,992 --> 00:40:27,427 the trickier the maneuver becomes. 837 00:40:28,061 --> 00:40:31,298 But, finally, they can breathe a sigh of relief 838 00:40:31,432 --> 00:40:34,101 as it safely reaches its destination. 839 00:40:34,201 --> 00:40:36,837 [Christian] Multiple things could've gone wrong. 840 00:40:37,171 --> 00:40:39,206 Luckily, nothing did. 841 00:40:40,140 --> 00:40:42,008 [Jay] The tank is filled with seawater 842 00:40:42,109 --> 00:40:44,011 from the neighboring Biscayne Bay. 843 00:40:44,111 --> 00:40:46,580 The weight of it pushes the lens down, 844 00:40:46,680 --> 00:40:48,582 sealing it in place. 845 00:40:49,249 --> 00:40:52,252 It was really almost like the topping out of the building. 846 00:40:52,352 --> 00:40:55,789 It was a very important milestone in the project. 847 00:40:57,557 --> 00:41:01,995 [Jay] But the team has another enormous task to grapple with. 848 00:41:03,130 --> 00:41:07,301 Building the 87-foot-wide spherical planetarium 849 00:41:07,401 --> 00:41:09,002 from concrete. 850 00:41:09,903 --> 00:41:13,106 How do you actually build a complete sphere? 851 00:41:13,841 --> 00:41:15,309 [Jay] While concrete can be poured 852 00:41:15,409 --> 00:41:16,643 for the lower section, 853 00:41:16,743 --> 00:41:19,279 creating the huge curving top section 854 00:41:19,379 --> 00:41:21,915 from form work would be very expensive 855 00:41:22,015 --> 00:41:23,884 and very difficult. 856 00:41:23,984 --> 00:41:25,352 [Seth] We felt it would be much better 857 00:41:25,452 --> 00:41:28,822 to utilize pre-cast concrete for the panels. 858 00:41:28,922 --> 00:41:31,758 And then you have the exact geometry 859 00:41:31,859 --> 00:41:34,527 that's required of the planetarium dome. 860 00:41:35,362 --> 00:41:36,864 [Corina] Casting the panels off site 861 00:41:36,964 --> 00:41:39,299 means that they can ensure the perfect quality 862 00:41:39,399 --> 00:41:42,069 and ensure the exact shape that's needed. 863 00:41:42,169 --> 00:41:43,771 Both of these will be really difficult 864 00:41:43,871 --> 00:41:45,972 to achieve if they were to do it onsite. 865 00:41:46,106 --> 00:41:48,542 The only snag is you actually have to get them 866 00:41:48,642 --> 00:41:50,810 to the site after you've made them. 867 00:41:50,911 --> 00:41:52,613 [Trevor] Massive pieces of concrete, 868 00:41:52,713 --> 00:41:54,681 maybe 30 feet tall, 869 00:41:54,781 --> 00:41:57,817 and then arching over another 15 feet. 870 00:41:58,618 --> 00:42:00,320 [Jay] Each of the 32 panels 871 00:42:00,420 --> 00:42:02,890 weighs the same as a bulldozer, 872 00:42:03,023 --> 00:42:06,227 a colossal 50,000 pounds. 873 00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:09,096 It demands a 550-ton crane 874 00:42:09,496 --> 00:42:11,698 and a 50-foot tall scaffold tower. 875 00:42:11,798 --> 00:42:15,235 [Trevor] That was trucked in and then craned into place 876 00:42:15,369 --> 00:42:18,972 in sections almost like an orange slice. 877 00:42:19,439 --> 00:42:22,009 So we would get two sections of that pre-cast concrete 878 00:42:22,075 --> 00:42:24,077 that would arrive each day. 879 00:42:24,177 --> 00:42:25,579 And then all throughout the night, 880 00:42:25,713 --> 00:42:28,515 there were welders welding upside down 881 00:42:28,582 --> 00:42:29,784 the embed plates, 882 00:42:29,884 --> 00:42:32,586 holding those orange sections together. 883 00:42:33,087 --> 00:42:34,955 [Jay] It takes two-and-a-half weeks 884 00:42:35,056 --> 00:42:36,389 of 24-hour shifts 885 00:42:36,489 --> 00:42:39,693 to complete the planetarium's incredible dome. 886 00:42:40,161 --> 00:42:42,329 [Seth] It really does take the commitment and dedication 887 00:42:42,429 --> 00:42:44,498 of the whole project team to pull that off. 888 00:42:44,898 --> 00:42:48,202 [Jay] In May 2017, the jaw-dropping 889 00:42:48,302 --> 00:42:51,037 Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science 890 00:42:51,137 --> 00:42:53,073 opens its doors to the public, 891 00:42:53,173 --> 00:42:58,044 delighting over 700,000 people in its first year alone. 892 00:42:58,144 --> 00:42:59,813 To be able to open to the public 893 00:42:59,880 --> 00:43:01,148 and then seeing the public 894 00:43:01,248 --> 00:43:02,950 experience that for the first time, 895 00:43:03,617 --> 00:43:05,919 it was the highlight of my career, for sure. 896 00:43:06,586 --> 00:43:09,189 This is absolutely awe-inspiring to look at, 897 00:43:09,290 --> 00:43:10,624 dizzying, honestly. 898 00:43:10,724 --> 00:43:13,293 [Man] It just brings new imagination to our kids 899 00:43:13,393 --> 00:43:15,428 and they just really enjoyed the activities 900 00:43:15,528 --> 00:43:18,165 and the hands-on features that the museum brings. 901 00:43:18,666 --> 00:43:20,567 [Woman 2] The thing that I liked the most about the museum 902 00:43:20,667 --> 00:43:21,635 is the planetarium, 903 00:43:21,769 --> 00:43:23,069 so, yeah, that's really cool. 904 00:43:23,770 --> 00:43:26,606 [Jay] The museum is not just a crowd-pleaser. 905 00:43:27,173 --> 00:43:29,977 It's also an incredibly piece of architecture 906 00:43:30,111 --> 00:43:32,045 and engineering that is a testament 907 00:43:32,145 --> 00:43:34,114 to the ingenuity of the team. 908 00:43:34,214 --> 00:43:37,751 We had, as a project team, this ambitious vision 909 00:43:37,851 --> 00:43:39,620 for this one-of-a-kind museum. 910 00:43:39,720 --> 00:43:43,590 And actually see it built today, it's just amazing. 911 00:43:44,457 --> 00:43:47,494 [Vincent] Just seeing the life of the institution, 912 00:43:47,628 --> 00:43:50,297 seeing the wonderments of children 913 00:43:50,397 --> 00:43:51,932 peering through tanks, 914 00:43:52,032 --> 00:43:55,469 playing with hands-on exhibits, is really joyful. 915 00:43:56,237 --> 00:43:57,904 [Nehemiah] How can someone visit this place 916 00:43:58,004 --> 00:43:59,306 and not leave inspired? 917 00:43:59,406 --> 00:44:03,143 Both at science and at engineering. 918 00:44:07,314 --> 00:44:13,220 [music] 919 00:44:34,875 --> 00:44:36,943 ♪ MTV ♪